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Fun with spark plugs

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riceburner View Drop Down
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  Quote riceburner Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 07 October 2009 at 10:03pm
In three words, I don't know.
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geek View Drop Down
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  Quote geek Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 07 October 2009 at 10:30pm
Nothing wrong with that.  I'm just guessing, but sure don't buy the idea they just add.   That makes no sense with a turbocharger.  Maybe Bill will chime in with the right answer. 

Note to myself: Bleed off the pressure before turning off the second stage compressor.  Sheered the motor shaft.   Back to the salvage yard to look for a larger pump.   

As I proof my post, my finger on the send key, I pause, read it once more, then press. Mark
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Bill Hahn Jr. View Drop Down
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  Quote Bill Hahn Jr. Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 08 October 2009 at 1:09am

Ding-dong!  Junior calling Wink

Mark, we can't readily compare your positive-displacement pumps to centrifugal pumps (a la Turbos).  It is true that when centrifugal units are placed in series, the final pressure is additive, and will result in the outcome you've seen in your Internet gleanings.
 
As to your unexpected outcome when coupling the two pumps togther...I'd like to see you do a couple of things. 

1.  Monitor the pressure being produced between the pumps...it may be different than you'd assume.

2.  Examine the valving systems in the pumps...I'd wager this may be the key.  The valves may be operating in an unanticipated fashion, as they are typically reed or poppet style valves whose spring loads are determined with an atmospheric pressure input.  You may have skewed their intended functions.
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  Quote geek Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 08 October 2009 at 9:17am
These diaphragm pumps were made by KNF.  
 
The only problem with taking data now is that the one pump has a broken shaft.  These were made for gas but are not rated to run near the pressures I was getting out of them.   
 
I could not find a data sheet for the pumps I used (discontinued) but did find this little technical manual that shows some cutaways.
 
 
Sec. 2.5 talks a little about connecting a double diaphragm pump in series and parallel.  It's interesting that they do not talk about series for higher pressures.  
 
 
 
So Bill, getting back to my my previous example of say 180 cranking PSI, 28 deg. timing and 27 PSI of boost,  would get us into the 180 PSI range for the ignition?    
 
Also, any idea on how the gasoline will play into the equation?    
 
 
 
As I proof my post, my finger on the send key, I pause, read it once more, then press. Mark
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Bill Hahn Jr. View Drop Down
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  Quote Bill Hahn Jr. Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 08 October 2009 at 12:06pm

Ah, fun with pumps!  Diaphragm style too...hmm.  Another variable I had not considered is diaphragm flex..wonder if the second pump did not have a "variable displacement" based on diaphragm flex at the higher pressures produced.  Well, back to spark plugs!

(By the way, you could also just use a bottled high-pressure gas like nitrogen, argon, C02.  Argon might produce a neat effect...as an inert gas, I'd bet the spark itself would be less diffused and make a sharper, clearer and more distinct image.)
 
So, of course, what you're trying to do is estimate actual cylinder/chamber pressure when spark occurs.  I will offer that this is a very changeable figure, based on many dynamic aspects of the engine, not the least of which is inertial momentum of intake charge at maximum BMEP.  Bear in mind, thinking of the engine's air processing in strictly static terms can fail to take these factors into account.
 
I'll noodle on this a bit and come back with something cohesive.
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  Quote gadget Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 08 October 2009 at 5:00pm
http://www.tfxengine.com/
Cylinder pressure.
Carl
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  Quote geek Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 08 October 2009 at 5:46pm
Thanks Bill. 
 
Their graphs show the unboosted T/F ignites well under 300 PSI.   
 
The graph they show for the supercharged engine looks like ignition could happen well beyond 500 PSI.  Crazy.
 
Bill, I was thinking about getting a small tank of Xenon to pump it up with.   Maybe not as exciting as Mr. Rices idea, but would put on a heck of a show. 
As I proof my post, my finger on the send key, I pause, read it once more, then press. Mark
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  Quote Bill Hahn Jr. Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 08 October 2009 at 6:02pm

My pleasure.  Yep,  I was thinking we'd see some pretty amazing pressure ratios on the boosted stuff.  No wonder the rings seal so good under boost, eh?  They don't have a choice! 

This is, of course, one more reason why when we ignite that nice, dense boosted air-fuel mix it is so powerful...it STARTS at 500+ PSI!  And one more reason why detonation can be a problem, as this form of spark-knock is largely pressure-ignited.
 
Next...imagine a diesel with 20:1 and 50 PSI boost...
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  Quote geek Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 08 October 2009 at 7:12pm
Would be interesting to see more data off that example.     If your simple add is right, then say he has 300 PSI unboosted pressure.  He still needs 200 PSI of boost!

I found a couple of Thompson Ind. pumps at the salvage yard.  Larger, but don't have enough HP to run in series.   If I use the new Thompson pump as the output stage, I can stall it.    If I take the old input pump (like the one I broke the shaft on) and use it for the output and then drive the new Thompson pump into it, I get about the same results as before, way more than the simple sum of the two pumps.    

If I look at the pressure between the two pumps, it appears the same as if I dead head the input pump.  This is what I would expect to see.    Adding an accumulator between the two pumps has no effect on the output pressure. 

New pumps are similar to other design.  Simple two reed valve design with diaphragm.  

This would make sense with the turbo example that was shown as well.

Simple questions require difficult answers some time.  Can you help me to understand this?

As I proof my post, my finger on the send key, I pause, read it once more, then press. Mark
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  Quote Bill Hahn Jr. Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 08 October 2009 at 7:25pm

I may be oversimplifying this, but I think the pressure ratio equation would be:

abs. manifold pressure x cr = max theoretical compression pressure.
 
30 PSI boost is 45 PSI absolute.  say 9:1 compression.
 
45 x 9 = 405 PSI.  Subtract one atmoshere to get back to "gage pressure": 390 PSI.
 
 
 
So, let's take our diesel then...
 
50 PSI boost is 65 PSI absolute.  20:1 compression
 
65 x 20 = 1300 PSI.  No wonder they need 2000 PSI direct-cylinder fuel pressure, lol!
 
 
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  Quote geek Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 08 October 2009 at 9:07pm
Problem with the CR is that the actual pressure gain can be almost anything.  

I am still thinking gain.  So gain of pump 1 times the gain of pump 2. 

Convert to atmosphere first.  So  take the dead head of the two pumps in PSI, convert to atmosphere then figure the gain.    Multiply the gains and multiply by 1 atmosphere then convert back to PSIG.   Take into account the temperature and I think you would have most of it. 

Hey Matt, your a compressor guru by trade?  Any input on this? 
As I proof my post, my finger on the send key, I pause, read it once more, then press. Mark
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  Quote Bill Hahn Jr. Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 08 October 2009 at 9:31pm
Originally posted by geek

Problem with the CR is that the actual pressure gain can be almost anything.   
I don't follow you here.  Can you add some detail?
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  Quote geek Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 08 October 2009 at 10:55pm
CR is just the volume ratios, not the pressure ratio.  I can make my engine a very poor pump, or a very good one all with the same CR just by changing the valve timing.   It seems that the dead head is really the number.   But, like Mr. Rice, I don't know.  


For now, lets assume that the pressure with boost is higher than the cranking pressure.   In this next video I am using the new gauge and my new window.   I have the chamber outside the screen so we can get some shots of what I want to show.    This test is with the repaired MC-4, 2 blaster coils, 8.5mm Super Conductor Plug Wire, MSD boots and NGK D9EA gaped at 0.028".  I am using the towers on the blaster coils and have silicone around the boot to increase the  breakdown voltage.   These are the long, straight MSD boots. 

Boots and wires are new, i.e. purchased maybe a year ago and were never installed on a bike.  I keep them for testing only. 

I have not tried this test with the Dyna wires and coils yet, but believe that this video may surprise a few of you.  It did me. 
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6qEQzLU9y0c

These pictures show the wires, boots I am using and the silicone on the towers for reference.





Oh, and for Scott, the chamber pressure during this test was around 250PSIG.   I am not sure of the accuracy of the gauge. 
As I proof my post, my finger on the send key, I pause, read it once more, then press. Mark
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  Quote Bill Hahn Jr. Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 08 October 2009 at 11:22pm
Yep.  Flashover! 
 
One of the drawbacks to an ultra-powerful ignition...not that flashover can't be caused by many other things, but weaker ignitions that have more than enough spark energy to get the job done won't suffer from it as much.
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  Quote geek Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 08 October 2009 at 11:54pm
The plugs were cleaned with freon after installing them in the chamber.   

Material contamination in the boots seems possible.  That's a long way for the spark to travel.   Or is it common practice to use corona dope on the boots after they have been installed on the plugs? 

On my bike I have not noticed any misfires while running at the 26-27 PSI.   It seems pretty smooth on the logger.  It may not be enough of a problem.  Or, the boots and wires on my bike are from a different lot.  

The Dyna is a whole different story.  Wires and boots are both a totally different from MSDs.   I am not sure about the energy between the two units.   I can't find any specs on the Dyna, just that its high.   The MC-4 is rated for 190 mJoules (non multi-spark mode).  
  

One things for sure.  Every time I dig into some detail about these motorcycles, I learn something new. 


As I proof my post, my finger on the send key, I pause, read it once more, then press. Mark
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  Quote Bill Hahn Jr. Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 09 October 2009 at 12:00am
I usually clean plug insulators with brake cleaner or alcohol.  I don't think contamination's your problem...I htink you have too much spark energy available.  What were the plug gaps...are you forcing the coils to ultra-high voltage to jump a large gap?
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  Quote geek Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 09 October 2009 at 12:17am
My bike has the same ignition on it (and same gap).  

Originally posted by geek

This test is with ...NGK D9EA gaped at 0.028". 


It seems like a friend had told me about problems they had with the boots at one time.  I'll see what they remember. 

I have some other boots that came with the kit that have a different style.    I'll make up a set with them and see what happens.   May try the ones off the other bike too. 

Edited by geek - 09 October 2009 at 12:18am
As I proof my post, my finger on the send key, I pause, read it once more, then press. Mark
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Bill Hahn Jr. View Drop Down
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  Quote Bill Hahn Jr. Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 09 October 2009 at 12:21am
Are the boots snug to the insulators?  Loose fits wont do much to contain flashover...sure, try the other boots if they fit better.
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  Quote Roland Tamaccio Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 09 October 2009 at 4:18am
... Run a dedicated ground from the top of the chamber (same solid piece that the plugs are threaded into) back to the plate that the box is mounted on and grounded to. Btw, what is the box mounted on ?
... All the Federalees say,
... We could have had him, any day,
... But who would haul our aerospace freight, away.
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  Quote PM720 Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 09 October 2009 at 2:48pm
Yep, you are seeing what we have for years in our testing. We see the flashover at about the same pressures with the 4000. No amount of grounding will prevent it once the pressure gets high enough.
 
Something else to consider it that the spark occurs at some point BEFORE max cylinder pressure is achieved so the pressure chamber pressures are not directly related to max cylinder pressure in an engine. We always roughly calculated that 200PSI inour chamber was equal to 17-1 + some boost. Oh yeah, we use Nitrogen.
 
Scott
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